Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] -3.64
bcc-csm1-1 [-] -0.158 3.45 3.64 2.05 0.0533 0.537 0.745 0.468
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] -0.209 3.72 3.85 3.07 -0.00 0.756 0.494 0.501
CanESM2 [-] 0.0200 3.73 3.71 4.00 -0.00 0.692 0.263 0.411
CanESM5 [-] -0.0223 3.61 4.16 6.03 0.00817 0.543 0.000167 0.274
CESM1-BGC [-] -0.385 3.64 3.78 1.97 0.00115 0.776 0.764 0.579
CESM2 [-] -0.0925 3.64 3.63 3.07 0.000453 0.771 0.494 0.509
GFDL-ESM2G [-] -2.03 3.16 3.70 0.00 0.133 0.305 1.00 0.436
GFDL-ESM4 [-] -0.833 3.59 3.71 4.00 0.0132 0.784 0.263 0.461
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] -0.515 3.66 3.77 4.08 -0.00 0.762 0.244 0.442
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] -0.177 3.53 3.57 2.98 0.0304 0.794 0.515 0.533
MeanCMIP5 [-] -0.644 3.47 3.47 0.0461 0.825
MeanCMIP6 [-] 0.00938 3.67 3.80 6.03 -0.00 0.763 0.000167 0.382
MIROC-ESM [-] -0.478 3.16 2.85 5.02 0.131 0.708 0.0740 0.405
MIROC-ESM2L [-] -0.330 3.64 3.75 0.00 -0.00 0.765 1.00 0.633
MPI-ESM-LR [-] -0.113 3.53 3.94 4.00 0.0310 0.753 0.263 0.450
NorESM1-ME [-] -0.334 3.63 3.72 2.98 0.00223 0.781 0.515 0.520
NorESM2-LM [-] -0.190 3.62 3.74 2.05 0.00522 0.758 0.745 0.567
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] -0.0861 3.58 3.60 0.0157 0.778
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 0.00361 3.64 3.75 5.02 -0.00 0.766 0.0740 0.401
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] -2.67
bcc-csm1-1 [-] -0.0268 2.65 3.86 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 1.00 0.250
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] -0.500 2.17 2.46 0.983 -0.00 0.484 0.937 0.476
CanESM2 [-] 0.191 2.86 3.18 5.03 -0.00 0.623 0.0717 0.330
CanESM5 [-] 0.115 2.79 3.09 1.02 -0.00 0.316 0.933 0.391
CESM1-BGC [-] -0.0659 2.61 3.07 2.03 -0.00 0.509 0.749 0.442
CESM2 [-] -0.305 2.37 2.41 3.05 -0.00 0.503 0.498 0.376
GFDL-ESM2G [-] -3.10 -0.430 1.34 1.97 0.644 0.430 0.764 0.567
GFDL-ESM4 [-] -0.938 1.73 1.85 0.00 -0.00 0.492 1.00 0.496
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] -1.01 1.67 1.72 5.03 -0.00 0.719 0.0717 0.377
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] -0.708 1.96 2.02 3.00 -0.00 0.684 0.511 0.470
MeanCMIP5 [-] -0.542 2.14 2.35 1.03 -0.00 0.699 0.930 0.582
MeanCMIP6 [-] -0.401 2.27 2.34 4.02 -0.00 0.698 0.259 0.414
MIROC-ESM [-] 0.318 2.99 1.88 1.97 -0.00 0.386 0.764 0.384
MIROC-ESM2L [-] -0.319 2.35 2.60 4.02 -0.00 0.549 0.259 0.339
MPI-ESM-LR [-] -0.722 1.95 2.76 3.00 -0.00 0.153 0.511 0.204
NorESM1-ME [-] -0.188 2.48 2.69 3.00 -0.00 0.377 0.511 0.316
NorESM2-LM [-] -0.299 2.37 2.47 3.05 -0.00 0.610 0.498 0.430
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 0.00212 2.68 3.26 3.07 -0.00 0.257 0.494 0.252
UKESM1-0-LL [-] -0.654 2.02 2.34 5.03 -0.00 0.304 0.0717 0.170
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] -0.757
bcc-csm1-1 [-] -0.125 0.619 1.87 2.02 0.136 0.298 0.676 0.352
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] -0.0603 0.706 2.04 2.39 0.0961 0.245 0.610 0.299
CanESM2 [-] -0.0237 0.724 2.03 2.75 0.0931 0.240 0.615 0.297
CanESM5 [-] -0.0210 0.730 2.01 2.26 0.0935 0.264 0.708 0.333
CESM1-BGC [-] -0.0770 0.675 1.80 1.76 0.114 0.335 0.768 0.388
CESM2 [-] -0.181 0.569 1.74 2.11 0.157 0.358 0.703 0.394
GFDL-ESM2G [-] -0.792 -0.0173 2.57 3.44 0.394 0.161 0.382 0.274
GFDL-ESM4 [-] -0.520 0.233 1.88 2.47 0.303 0.315 0.612 0.386
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] -0.358 0.389 2.11 2.61 0.273 0.289 0.649 0.375
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] -0.232 0.518 1.76 2.93 0.184 0.331 0.528 0.343
MeanCMIP5 [-] -0.249 0.530 1.75 1.68 0.177 0.365 0.744 0.413
MeanCMIP6 [-] -0.158 0.573 1.68 1.57 0.161 0.385 0.765 0.424
MIROC-ESM [-] -0.282 0.491 1.86 2.42 0.194 0.312 0.613 0.358
MIROC-ESM2L [-] -0.280 0.446 1.91 1.72 0.234 0.326 0.799 0.421
MPI-ESM-LR [-] -0.443 0.356 2.18 1.79 0.207 0.249 0.719 0.356
NorESM1-ME [-] -0.0922 0.660 1.82 1.77 0.118 0.332 0.767 0.387
NorESM2-LM [-] -0.182 0.566 1.74 1.86 0.161 0.365 0.775 0.416
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] -0.0432 0.741 2.00 1.91 0.0907 0.271 0.720 0.338
UKESM1-0-LL [-] -0.137 0.614 1.89 2.38 0.133 0.312 0.601 0.340
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] -0.412
bcc-csm1-1 [-] -0.167 0.244 1.37 1.37 0.211 0.233 0.835 0.378
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] -0.0505 0.373 1.57 2.01 0.106 0.122 0.740 0.272
CanESM2 [-] -0.0113 0.404 1.67 2.74 0.0947 0.124 0.762 0.276
CanESM5 [-] -0.0251 0.387 1.64 1.53 0.101 0.158 0.717 0.284
CESM1-BGC [-] -0.0353 0.372 1.44 1.35 0.112 0.209 0.748 0.320
CESM2 [-] -0.210 0.205 1.40 1.84 0.256 0.236 0.646 0.344
GFDL-ESM2G [-] -0.657 -0.257 2.25 3.06 0.605 0.0820 0.261 0.257
GFDL-ESM4 [-] -0.437 -0.0411 1.63 3.22 0.453 0.212 0.125 0.251
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] -0.362 0.0680 1.60 2.62 0.429 0.225 0.706 0.396
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] -0.223 0.211 1.35 2.62 0.263 0.211 0.691 0.344
MeanCMIP5 [-] -0.208 0.222 1.36 0.960 0.240 0.255 0.844 0.399
MeanCMIP6 [-] -0.184 0.240 1.29 1.21 0.224 0.262 0.806 0.389
MIROC-ESM [-] -0.282 0.204 1.54 1.11 0.239 0.223 0.851 0.384
MIROC-ESM2L [-] -0.291 0.138 1.64 1.51 0.381 0.215 0.784 0.399
MPI-ESM-LR [-] -0.269 0.147 1.83 1.14 0.254 0.215 0.794 0.369
NorESM1-ME [-] -0.0452 0.363 1.45 1.35 0.118 0.211 0.744 0.321
NorESM2-LM [-] -0.214 0.205 1.38 1.26 0.250 0.250 0.791 0.385
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] -0.0533 0.390 1.48 1.56 0.123 0.218 0.787 0.336
UKESM1-0-LL [-] -0.162 0.253 1.46 2.41 0.204 0.235 0.698 0.343
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] -0.258
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 0.199 0.457 2.19 3.07 0.515 0.137 0.494 0.321
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] -0.282 -0.0234 1.52 3.40 0.894 0.335 0.385 0.487
CanESM2 [-] -0.00461 0.254 1.27 3.07 0.648 0.439 0.494 0.505
CanESM5 [-] 0.00153 0.260 1.42 3.74 0.642 0.366 0.356 0.432
CESM1-BGC [-] -0.280 -0.0223 1.28 4.71 0.879 0.451 0.332 0.528
CESM2 [-] -0.196 0.0619 1.06 2.38 0.816 0.535 0.688 0.643
GFDL-ESM2G [-] -1.03 -0.773 4.49 3.41 0.510 -0.00 0.466 0.244
GFDL-ESM4 [-] -0.526 -0.268 2.57 4.08 0.774 0.188 0.244 0.348
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] -0.402 -0.144 3.48 5.39 0.800 -0.00 0.110 0.227
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] -0.136 0.122 1.38 4.76 0.768 0.372 0.143 0.414
MeanCMIP5 [-] -0.259 0.00484 1.86 3.38 0.874 0.196 0.458 0.431
MeanCMIP6 [-] -0.0916 0.167 1.29 3.74 0.722 0.457 0.476 0.528
MIROC-ESM [-] 0.0197 0.278 3.52 3.41 0.618 -0.00 0.383 0.250
MIROC-ESM2L [-] -0.127 0.131 1.23 1.69 0.751 0.455 0.830 0.623
MPI-ESM-LR [-] -0.263 -0.00509 1.84 3.41 0.867 0.238 0.383 0.431
NorESM1-ME [-] -0.305 -0.0473 1.38 4.36 0.905 0.357 0.262 0.470
NorESM2-LM [-] -0.190 0.0680 1.06 1.02 0.816 0.538 0.933 0.706
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 0.0641 0.328 2.06 3.38 0.582 0.0477 0.430 0.277
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 0.0642 0.322 1.82 3.40 0.574 0.243 0.467 0.382

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
Data not available
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MODEL MEAN
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BIAS
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BIAS SCORE
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RMSE
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RMSE SCORE
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BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
Data not available
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MODEL MAX MONTH
Data not available
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DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
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SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
Data not available
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Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
bcc-csm1-1
Data not available
Data not available
BCC-CSM2-MR
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM2
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM5
Data not available
Data not available
CESM1-BGC
Data not available
Data not available
CESM2
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM2G
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM4
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM5A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM6A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP5
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP6
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM2L
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM-LR
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM1-ME
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM2-LM
Data not available
Data not available
UK-HadGEM2-ES
Data not available
Data not available
UKESM1-0-LL
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:
2015

  Institutions:
FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:
Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:
Fluxnet variable(s) used: NEE_VUT_REF