Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 254.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 221. -18.7 33.4 0.00 0.0575 0.0300 1.00 0.279
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 219. 1.45 16.6 1.02 0.927 0.363 0.933 0.646
CanESM2 [-] 232. -2.40 20.9 1.02 0.879 0.197 0.933 0.551
CanESM5 [-] 238. 19.6 27.7 0.00 0.00805 0.225 1.00 0.364
CESM1-BGC [-] 213. -8.21 13.1 0.00 0.585 0.565 1.00 0.679
CESM2 [-] 216. -1.81 18.5 1.02 0.908 0.286 0.933 0.603
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 233. -4.65 26.5 0.00 0.765 0.00 1.00 0.441
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 222. 7.26 25.6 0.00 0.633 0.00 1.00 0.408
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 287. 49.9 58.5 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 223. 23.2 33.2 2.03 0.00 0.0573 0.749 0.216
MeanCMIP5 [-] 234. 7.70 16.0 0.611 0.506
MeanCMIP6 [-] 229. 10.8 17.9 1.02 0.453 0.394 0.933 0.543
MIROC-ESM [-] 240. 5.00 21.9 0.00 0.748 0.191 1.00 0.532
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 231. -10.6 18.1 0.00 0.466 0.438 1.00 0.586
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 242. 15.8 30.5 0.00 0.201 0.226 1.00 0.413
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 242. 27.2 33.0 2.03 0.00 0.211 0.749 0.293
NorESM1-ME [-] 223. 14.2 27.6 1.02 0.282 0.00 0.933 0.304
NorESM2-LM [-] 220. 2.70 26.6 0.00 0.864 0.00 1.00 0.466
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 247. 33.3 40.8 0.00 0.263
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 241. 23.9 29.8 1.02 0.00 0.180 0.933 0.323
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 201.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 201. 0.523 33.4 0.983 0.978 0.00 0.937 0.479
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 222. 21.3 27.9 0.983 0.120 0.340 0.937 0.434
CanESM2 [-] 175. -25.8 27.4 0.983 0.00 0.0994 0.937 0.284
CanESM5 [-] 195. -6.06 21.4 0.983 0.750 0.421 0.937 0.632
CESM1-BGC [-] 177. -23.6 31.3 0.983 0.0241 0.489 0.937 0.485
CESM2 [-] 190. -10.4 28.3 0.983 0.569 0.184 0.937 0.468
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 203. 1.90 25.5 2.00 0.921 0.222 0.756 0.531
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 202. 1.15 28.1 0.983 0.953 0.142 0.937 0.543
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 206. 4.74 22.0 0.983 0.804 0.323 0.937 0.597
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 189. -12.0 28.2 0.983 0.505 0.194 0.937 0.458
MeanCMIP5 [-] 195. -6.31 14.2 1.02 0.739 0.597 0.933 0.717
MeanCMIP6 [-] 206. 4.78 18.3 0.983 0.802 0.464 0.937 0.667
MIROC-ESM [-] 190. -11.2 56.7 2.00 0.538 0.00 0.756 0.324
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 202. 1.17 41.2 0.983 0.952 0.00 0.937 0.472
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 216. 15.2 36.0 0.983 0.373 0.0691 0.937 0.362
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 237. 36.6 50.1 0.983 0.00 0.00 0.937 0.234
NorESM1-ME [-] 174. -26.9 31.4 2.00 0.00 0.379 0.756 0.379
NorESM2-LM [-] 209. 7.80 24.8 0.983 0.678 0.259 0.937 0.533
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 217. 15.5 21.0 1.02 0.359 0.553 0.933 0.599
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 205. 4.10 24.4 0.983 0.831 0.283 0.937 0.583
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 156.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 162. -6.42 33.2 0.622 0.375 0.0195 0.952 0.342
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 167. -1.40 32.4 0.544 0.489 0.0446 0.961 0.385
CanESM2 [-] 184. 18.4 35.7 0.481 0.198 0.0815 0.963 0.331
CanESM5 [-] 179. 13.0 29.8 0.457 0.348 0.113 0.969 0.386
CESM1-BGC [-] 179. 15.5 31.9 0.339 0.266 0.109 0.976 0.365
CESM2 [-] 175. 8.94 28.2 0.449 0.384 0.131 0.965 0.403
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 170. 2.37 28.2 0.276 0.493 0.0847 0.979 0.410
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 166. -1.70 26.2 0.354 0.561 0.134 0.977 0.451
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 184. 16.0 42.0 0.630 0.189 0.0313 0.955 0.301
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 173. 8.00 32.8 0.552 0.356 0.0495 0.959 0.354
MeanCMIP5 [-] 176. 8.08 25.1 0.400 0.369 0.241 0.967 0.454
MeanCMIP6 [-] 173. 6.37 22.4 0.370 0.493 0.287 0.975 0.510
MIROC-ESM [-] 182. 17.2 37.0 0.442 0.246 0.0469 0.963 0.326
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 173. 5.60 27.2 0.371 0.472 0.117 0.974 0.420
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 167. -0.467 31.0 0.284 0.445 0.0654 0.977 0.388
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 173. 4.86 28.3 0.378 0.481 0.102 0.967 0.413
NorESM1-ME [-] 170. 5.65 27.7 0.441 0.424 0.116 0.970 0.406
NorESM2-LM [-] 174. 8.38 30.6 0.489 0.403 0.0930 0.966 0.389
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 184. 16.2 33.6 0.586 0.246 0.0801 0.958 0.341
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 178. 11.6 29.1 0.457 0.338 0.109 0.969 0.381
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 118.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 102. -14.7 33.0 0.687 0.294 0.0137 0.948 0.317
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 111. -4.09 29.6 0.632 0.632 0.0262 0.952 0.409
CanESM2 [-] 128. 13.5 33.1 0.385 0.193 0.0315 0.968 0.306
CanESM5 [-] 122. 6.98 26.0 0.220 0.482 0.102 0.985 0.418
CESM1-BGC [-] 132. 18.2 33.6 0.137 0.123 0.0604 0.985 0.307
CESM2 [-] 117. 1.98 26.1 0.412 0.468 0.0940 0.966 0.406
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 121. 4.90 24.6 0.137 0.469 0.107 0.985 0.417
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 114. -1.34 23.1 0.192 0.714 0.145 0.987 0.498
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 132. 17.6 42.2 0.577 0.143 0.00943 0.962 0.281
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 123. 7.66 30.8 0.522 0.455 0.0272 0.965 0.369
MeanCMIP5 [-] 124. 7.58 24.0 0.203 0.341 0.201 0.980 0.431
MeanCMIP6 [-] 118. 3.43 20.3 0.192 0.580 0.280 0.987 0.532
MIROC-ESM [-] 125. 12.2 32.3 0.192 0.390 0.0412 0.987 0.365
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 120. 4.43 24.0 0.165 0.539 0.157 0.989 0.460
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 111. -4.45 29.6 0.165 0.480 0.0542 0.983 0.393
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 115. -0.141 26.5 0.192 0.515 0.0449 0.987 0.398
NorESM1-ME [-] 120. 6.69 25.9 0.165 0.419 0.0936 0.989 0.399
NorESM2-LM [-] 113. -2.35 29.3 0.412 0.527 0.0524 0.966 0.400
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 134. 17.1 33.3 0.261 0.182 0.0943 0.983 0.338
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 124. 9.06 26.1 0.247 0.378 0.123 0.984 0.402
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 198.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 231. 32.2 46.8 0.339 0.0551 0.0524 0.978 0.284
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 256. 57.2 68.2 0.339 0.00 0.124 0.978 0.307
CanESM2 [-] 261. 62.8 75.2 0.339 0.00 0.0150 0.978 0.252
CanESM5 [-] 254. 55.3 66.9 0.678 0.00 0.0306 0.955 0.254
CESM1-BGC [-] 212. 13.8 40.2 0.339 0.310 0.0179 0.978 0.331
CESM2 [-] 234. 35.5 46.2 0.339 0.0202 0.157 0.978 0.328
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 245. 46.8 55.9 0.339 0.00 0.0940 0.978 0.291
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 239. 41.0 52.0 0.339 0.00 0.129 0.978 0.309
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 283. 84.3 90.3 0.339 0.00 0.170 0.978 0.329
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 238. 39.2 48.1 0.339 0.00 0.152 0.978 0.321
MeanCMIP5 [-] 239. 39.6 46.7 0.00 0.00 0.290 1.00 0.395
MeanCMIP6 [-] 237. 38.5 47.1 0.00 0.00 0.289 1.00 0.394
MIROC-ESM [-] 221. 22.3 46.6 1.71 0.299 0.00 0.746 0.261
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 201. 3.05 31.7 1.36 0.459 0.156 0.871 0.411
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 242. 44.1 57.5 0.339 0.0225 0.0142 0.978 0.257
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 234. 35.4 52.7 2.04 0.0905 0.0154 0.665 0.197
NorESM1-ME [-] 188. -10.5 33.1 0.678 0.408 0.131 0.955 0.406
NorESM2-LM [-] 226. 27.8 41.2 0.339 0.145 0.155 0.978 0.358
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 234. 34.8 44.7 0.339 0.00766 0.153 0.978 0.323
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 244. 45.5 58.1 0.339 0.00 0.0701 0.978 0.279

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
Data not available
Data not available
MODEL MEAN
Data not available
Data not available
BIAS
Data not available
Data not available
BIAS SCORE
Data not available
Data not available
RMSE
Data not available
Data not available
RMSE SCORE
Data not available
Data not available
BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
MODEL MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
Data not available
Data not available

Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
bcc-csm1-1
Data not available
Data not available
BCC-CSM2-MR
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM2
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM5
Data not available
Data not available
CESM1-BGC
Data not available
Data not available
CESM2
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM2G
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM4
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM5A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM6A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP5
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP6
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM2L
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM1.2-HR
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM1-ME
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM2-LM
Data not available
Data not available
UK-HadGEM2-ES
Data not available
Data not available
UKESM1-0-LL
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:
2015

  Institutions:
FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:
Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:
Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_IN_F