Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.37
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.17		-2.20	4.50	5.56		0.509	0.317	0.0248	0.292
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	7.45		3.07	6.08	6.07		0.650	0.296	2.57e-05	0.311
BGCLND	[-]	6.29		1.92	5.34	2.52		0.558	0.337	0.392	0.406
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	5.60		1.23	5.84	3.04		0.455	0.338	0.368	0.375
CanESM5	[-]	8.49		4.12	5.75	4.03		0.391	0.327	0.221	0.316
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	6.72		2.35	4.39	1.52		0.637	0.318	0.675	0.487
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	3.41		-0.958	3.91	2.02		0.713	0.340	0.511	0.476
MeanCMIP6	[-]	6.02		1.65	4.21	4.05		0.724	0.343	0.261	0.417
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	7.95		3.58	5.23	2.52		0.475	0.351	0.589	0.441
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	3.23		-1.14	6.18	2.52		0.698	0.161	0.392	0.353
NorESM2-LM	[-]	5.50		1.13	5.15	3.53		0.449	0.317	0.306	0.347
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.57		-1.80	5.36	5.56		0.358	0.321	0.0248	0.256

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	7.09
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	5.92		-1.17	1.43	4.08		0.185	0.340	0.244	0.277
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	5.83		-1.26	2.50	2.03		0.162	0.0424	0.749	0.249
BGCLND	[-]	10.3		3.23	3.46	1.02		0.00953	0.308	0.933	0.390
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	12.5		5.41	5.63	2.03		0.000409	0.249	0.749	0.312
CanESM5	[-]	9.22		2.13	2.80	1.02		0.0465	0.0921	0.933	0.291
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	8.00		0.903	1.46	2.03		0.272	0.218	0.749	0.364
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	7.64		0.550	2.27	5.10		0.453	0.0482	0.0631	0.153
MeanCMIP6	[-]	6.34		-0.756	1.23	1.02		0.337	0.257	0.933	0.446
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	4.79		-2.31	2.63	2.03		0.0358	0.155	0.749	0.274
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	10.4		3.27	4.73	2.03		0.00896	0.0632	0.749	0.221
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	12.5		5.39	5.67	0.00		0.000423	0.138	1.00	0.319
NorESM2-LM	[-]	6.47		-0.621	1.21	3.02		0.408	0.197	0.506	0.327
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	10.2		3.13	3.37	3.02		0.0110	0.184	0.506	0.221

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.35
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.57		-0.793	2.64	1.08		0.574	0.459	0.867	0.590
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.62		-0.719	2.66	1.16		0.587	0.430	0.880	0.582
BGCLND	[-]	2.54		-0.800	2.73	1.01		0.540	0.450	0.875	0.579
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	2.35		-0.989	2.79	0.938		0.531	0.452	0.889	0.581
CanESM5	[-]	3.33		-0.0208	2.75	1.22		0.624	0.434	0.850	0.586
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	2.60		-0.754	2.57	1.16		0.589	0.441	0.849	0.580
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	3.23		-0.126	2.95	1.14		0.590	0.431	0.852	0.576
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.74		-0.612	2.33	0.965		0.622	0.492	0.879	0.621
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	2.93		-0.423	2.89	1.62		0.559	0.440	0.807	0.561
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	3.29		-0.0434	3.03	0.936		0.602	0.408	0.889	0.576
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	5.12		1.77	4.73	0.942		0.419	0.291	0.873	0.469
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.51		-0.841	2.76	1.17		0.540	0.456	0.867	0.580
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.58		-0.761	2.79	1.13		0.554	0.429	0.878	0.573

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.80
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.03		-0.769	2.11	0.855		0.698	0.544	0.940	0.681
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.22		-0.536	2.03	0.929		0.747	0.525	0.940	0.684
BGCLND	[-]	1.82		-0.917	2.28	0.742		0.625	0.539	0.966	0.667
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	1.94		-0.801	2.08	0.721		0.660	0.563	0.965	0.688
CanESM5	[-]	2.43		-0.370	2.02	0.976		0.778	0.534	0.934	0.695
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	1.86		-0.945	2.18	0.516		0.659	0.528	0.963	0.670
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	2.88		0.0818	2.16	0.458		0.768	0.541	0.970	0.705
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.30		-0.502	1.83	0.459		0.742	0.586	0.952	0.717
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	2.91		0.109	2.51	1.45		0.715	0.503	0.909	0.657
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	3.21		0.376	2.23	0.310		0.808	0.522	0.977	0.707
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	5.40		2.60	4.58	0.598		0.427	0.362	0.953	0.526
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.31		-0.494	2.24	0.833		0.694	0.531	0.959	0.679
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.25		-0.556	2.07	0.595		0.714	0.551	0.969	0.696

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.65
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	4.17		-5.48	6.32	4.06		0.0367	0.212	0.340	0.200
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	5.42		-4.24	5.03	1.02		0.110	0.211	0.893	0.356
BGCLND	[-]	8.62		-1.04	2.90	3.06		0.415	0.236	0.446	0.333
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	11.0		1.39	2.78	3.69		0.405	0.248	0.363	0.316
CanESM5	[-]	3.36		-6.30	6.57	3.72		0.0267	0.293	0.364	0.244
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	6.24		-3.41	4.50	3.06		0.120	0.159	0.446	0.221
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	2.22		-7.43	7.60	3.03		0.0252	0.294	0.550	0.291
MeanCMIP6	[-]	5.07		-4.59	5.00	3.38		0.0633	0.278	0.426	0.261
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	6.16		-3.49	4.02	3.07		0.145	0.292	0.501	0.307
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	4.82		-4.83	6.08	2.71		0.127	0.157	0.563	0.251
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	7.10		-2.55	6.61	3.06		0.109	0.0376	0.446	0.157
NorESM2-LM	[-]	6.62		-3.03	3.42	4.03		0.145	0.341	0.342	0.292
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	4.11		-5.54	6.53	1.71		0.0483	0.117	0.746	0.257

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.32
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.72		-0.619	2.64	0.677		0.655	0.503	0.938	0.650
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.64		-0.658	2.66	0.842		0.664	0.471	0.931	0.634
BGCLND	[-]	2.18		-1.12	2.73	0.744		0.593	0.504	0.932	0.634
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	2.01		-1.29	2.81	0.618		0.572	0.502	0.954	0.633
CanESM5	[-]	3.19		-0.127	2.76	1.06		0.704	0.472	0.892	0.635
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	2.53		-0.783	2.59	0.714		0.659	0.490	0.934	0.643
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	3.23		-0.0817	2.96	0.882		0.647	0.472	0.923	0.628
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.71		-0.611	2.38	0.679		0.682	0.533	0.940	0.672
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	3.00		-0.318	2.98	1.30		0.632	0.477	0.864	0.612
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	3.56		0.244	2.98	0.622		0.704	0.461	0.948	0.644
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	6.00		2.69	5.01	0.657		0.453	0.337	0.940	0.517
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.30		-1.02	2.78	0.809		0.603	0.495	0.939	0.633
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.55		-0.769	2.71	0.769		0.623	0.489	0.934	0.634

Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: GPP_DT_VUT_REF