Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-30.7
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-54.5		-23.8	22.1	2.05		0.0771	0.483	0.745	0.447
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-46.7		-16.0	14.7	0.00		0.177	0.332	1.00	0.460
BGCLND	[-]	-61.1		-30.4	31.9	1.02		0.0379	0.524	0.933	0.505
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-49.5		-18.8	23.3	0.00		0.131	0.461	1.00	0.513
CanESM5	[-]	-52.7		-22.0	25.1	1.02		0.0933	0.201	0.933	0.357
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-50.0		-19.3	18.4	1.02		0.125	0.604	0.933	0.566
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-56.5		-25.8	31.2	1.02		0.0621	0.148	0.933	0.323
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-54.0		-23.3	22.7	1.02		0.0814	0.405	0.933	0.456
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-53.8		-23.1	23.9	1.02		0.0827	0.529	0.933	0.518
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-59.1		-28.4	30.9	0.00		0.0470	0.310	1.00	0.417
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-49.2		-18.6	21.2	1.02		0.135	0.249	0.933	0.391
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-47.6		-16.9	19.4	0.00		0.162	0.323	1.00	0.452
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-65.7		-35.0	31.8	1.02		0.0231	0.432	0.933	0.455

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-32.8
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-48.6		-15.8	16.4	1.02		0.0360	0.262	0.933	0.373
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-45.2		-12.4	14.8	0.00		0.0739	0.159	1.00	0.348
BGCLND	[-]	-40.3		-7.41	8.94	0.00		0.210	0.330	1.00	0.468
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-32.5		0.395	5.70	1.02		0.920	0.300	0.933	0.613
CanESM5	[-]	-37.2		-4.38	6.95	1.02		0.397	0.277	0.933	0.471
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-34.2		-1.40	6.27	1.02		0.745	0.279	0.933	0.559
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-39.7		-6.81	9.30	0.00		0.239	0.218	1.00	0.419
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-42.3		-9.43	10.3	0.00		0.137	0.321	1.00	0.445
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-33.4		-0.528	17.6	0.00		0.895	0.0247	1.00	0.486
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-41.5		-8.69	9.66	1.02		0.161	0.235	0.933	0.391
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-38.5		-5.67	11.2	2.03		0.303	0.143	0.749	0.334
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-45.0		-12.1	13.1	0.00		0.0776	0.252	1.00	0.396
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-41.9		-9.05	11.0	1.02		0.149	0.275	0.933	0.408

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-54.8
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-66.6		-11.9	23.4	1.37		0.490	0.324	0.810	0.487
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-63.1		-8.36	21.3	1.19		0.559	0.324	0.841	0.512
BGCLND	[-]	-65.5		-10.6	20.8	1.14		0.489	0.384	0.871	0.532
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-59.3		-4.47	20.2	1.11		0.579	0.335	0.865	0.529
CanESM5	[-]	-68.3		-13.6	23.5	1.26		0.479	0.329	0.838	0.494
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-66.6		-11.8	22.2	1.17		0.443	0.357	0.849	0.501
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-64.1		-9.31	20.5	1.30		0.549	0.360	0.831	0.525
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-63.2		-8.48	18.0	1.23		0.564	0.419	0.850	0.563
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-60.9		-6.12	19.3	1.48		0.581	0.369	0.809	0.532
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-59.4		-4.65	20.3	1.44		0.587	0.337	0.808	0.517
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-64.1		-9.31	21.0	1.38		0.491	0.365	0.817	0.510
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-66.7		-11.9	21.8	1.38		0.508	0.359	0.825	0.513
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-65.2		-10.4	21.7	1.23		0.520	0.337	0.841	0.509

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-42.0
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-48.4		-6.42	18.4	1.12		0.672	0.352	0.868	0.561
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-45.6		-3.65	17.4	1.02		0.704	0.343	0.879	0.567
BGCLND	[-]	-49.0		-7.15	16.7	0.888		0.592	0.418	0.925	0.588
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-39.3		2.54	16.5	0.613		0.670	0.391	0.945	0.600
CanESM5	[-]	-47.7		-5.72	17.4	0.626		0.665	0.372	0.926	0.584
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-55.0		-13.0	20.1	0.660		0.447	0.392	0.929	0.540
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-49.1		-7.17	15.9	0.659		0.624	0.419	0.939	0.600
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-45.7		-3.75	13.9	0.826		0.716	0.449	0.918	0.633
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-45.8		-3.87	17.2	1.15		0.627	0.375	0.871	0.562
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-40.2		1.77	15.9	0.922		0.724	0.380	0.895	0.595
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-46.5		-4.52	16.2	1.05		0.632	0.405	0.875	0.580
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-46.5		-4.53	16.0	1.06		0.678	0.408	0.883	0.594
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-46.6		-4.62	17.0	0.989		0.679	0.362	0.902	0.576

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-35.2
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-62.0		-26.9	30.9	2.01		0.114	0.359	0.754	0.397
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-55.8		-20.6	24.4	3.52		0.129	0.332	0.381	0.293
BGCLND	[-]	-41.5		-6.27	10.1	1.51		0.529	0.488	0.753	0.565
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-35.2		0.0207	8.25	3.02		0.742	0.437	0.506	0.530
CanESM5	[-]	-77.1		-41.9	50.3	3.52		0.0843	0.148	0.381	0.190
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-48.9		-13.8	16.9	2.02		0.247	0.340	0.627	0.389
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-57.3		-22.1	27.0	3.52		0.115	0.190	0.381	0.219
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-53.5		-18.3	21.7	3.02		0.170	0.354	0.506	0.346
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-29.4		5.78	14.2	3.02		0.627	0.336	0.506	0.451
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-53.9		-18.7	23.4	3.02		0.175	0.267	0.504	0.303
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-39.4		-4.25	10.4	3.02		0.658	0.420	0.506	0.501
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-45.7		-10.5	14.1	2.52		0.351	0.375	0.629	0.433
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-55.0		-19.8	24.2	2.51		0.135	0.281	0.596	0.323

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-50.2
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-60.2		-9.99	22.1	1.40		0.522	0.317	0.807	0.491
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-58.4		-8.19	21.4	1.06		0.554	0.298	0.871	0.505
BGCLND	[-]	-59.8		-9.48	19.9	0.997		0.492	0.371	0.900	0.533
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	-54.0		-3.74	20.8	0.984		0.575	0.301	0.890	0.517
CanESM5	[-]	-63.7		-13.5	22.5	1.19		0.470	0.335	0.859	0.500
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	-61.5		-11.3	21.5	1.03		0.436	0.351	0.876	0.504
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	-58.3		-8.10	19.0	1.20		0.564	0.368	0.850	0.537
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-57.9		-7.65	17.7	1.15		0.570	0.410	0.871	0.565
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	-56.4		-6.14	19.0	1.37		0.574	0.364	0.828	0.533
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	-53.3		-3.09	19.1	1.38		0.610	0.332	0.822	0.524
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	-58.2		-7.93	19.4	1.23		0.520	0.368	0.850	0.527
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-64.7		-14.5	22.5	1.27		0.462	0.352	0.854	0.505
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-59.9		-9.63	21.8	1.10		0.525	0.312	0.866	0.504

Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: LW_IN_F-LW_OUT