Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	92.3
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	160.		67.7	72.5	3.01		0.0614	0.393	0.504	0.338
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	132.		39.4	43.5	1.00		0.273	0.442	0.935	0.523
BGCLND	[-]	121.		29.2	35.8	0.508		0.416	0.491	0.966	0.591
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	125.		33.1	37.9	0.508		0.259	0.508	0.966	0.561
CanESM5	[-]	156.		63.8	67.9	3.52		0.0791	0.428	0.468	0.351
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	144.		52.0	57.5	0.492		0.138	0.403	0.968	0.478
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	136.		43.5	46.9	0.508		0.164	0.445	0.966	0.505
MeanCMIP6	[-]	139.		46.5	50.6	0.00		0.199	0.451	1.00	0.525
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	157.		64.8	69.0	2.52		0.0836	0.403	0.536	0.356
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	160.		68.2	69.9	0.492		0.0643	0.481	0.968	0.499
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	147.		55.2	58.1	0.508		0.0994	0.392	0.966	0.462
NorESM2-LM	[-]	134.		42.2	46.0	1.00		0.168	0.455	0.935	0.503
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	129.		37.1	46.5	0.508		0.273	0.345	0.966	0.482

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	144.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	153.		8.67	16.1	1.02		0.532	0.381	0.933	0.557
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	146.		2.15	16.4	1.02		0.855	0.303	0.933	0.598
BGCLND	[-]	130.		-13.9	18.0	0.00		0.363	0.445	1.00	0.563
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	143.		-1.63	21.7	1.02		0.888	0.203	0.933	0.557
CanESM5	[-]	136.		-8.29	18.0	1.02		0.547	0.329	0.933	0.534
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	124.		-20.5	23.9	1.02		0.224	0.353	0.933	0.466
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	143.		-1.35	13.3	0.00		0.906	0.382	1.00	0.667
MeanCMIP6	[-]	136.		-8.12	16.7	1.02		0.553	0.355	0.933	0.549
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	146.		1.79	19.0	1.02		0.878	0.253	0.933	0.579
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	152.		8.23	20.4	0.00		0.549	0.273	1.00	0.524
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	115.		-29.6	32.7	1.02		0.116	0.292	0.933	0.408
NorESM2-LM	[-]	140.		-3.93	18.0	1.02		0.751	0.284	0.933	0.563
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	127.		-17.5	22.7	1.02		0.280	0.305	0.933	0.455

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	87.4
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	89.7		2.35	24.8	0.655		0.768	0.658	0.936	0.755
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	79.3		-8.02	25.0	0.712		0.748	0.653	0.934	0.747
BGCLND	[-]	75.7		-12.1	23.3	0.537		0.736	0.700	0.950	0.772
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	81.4		-6.39	22.2	0.584		0.786	0.674	0.951	0.771
CanESM5	[-]	80.1		-7.29	24.3	0.635		0.770	0.661	0.939	0.758
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	82.3		-5.03	23.5	0.639		0.771	0.672	0.937	0.763
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	78.3		-9.02	23.8	0.655		0.758	0.674	0.935	0.760
MeanCMIP6	[-]	79.6		-7.75	21.0	0.552		0.774	0.698	0.950	0.780
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	86.1		-1.28	24.8	0.712		0.780	0.649	0.922	0.750
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	84.5		-2.85	24.1	0.598		0.765	0.668	0.940	0.760
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	74.5		-12.9	26.3	0.599		0.694	0.674	0.942	0.746
NorESM2-LM	[-]	80.3		-7.01	23.5	0.552		0.760	0.665	0.948	0.759
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	77.2		-10.1	23.3	0.614		0.745	0.683	0.941	0.763

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	54.7
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	57.3		2.65	24.5	0.285		0.847	0.654	0.975	0.782
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	43.2		-11.5	24.5	0.692		0.792	0.669	0.946	0.769
BGCLND	[-]	47.0		-7.90	20.0	0.255		0.803	0.725	0.981	0.808
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	50.0		-4.94	19.1	0.403		0.844	0.706	0.968	0.806
CanESM5	[-]	48.6		-6.05	22.2	0.366		0.820	0.680	0.973	0.788
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	55.4		0.726	21.0	0.305		0.847	0.699	0.977	0.806
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	46.4		-8.29	21.7	0.427		0.810	0.701	0.969	0.795
MeanCMIP6	[-]	48.0		-6.68	19.1	0.265		0.829	0.716	0.980	0.810
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	52.2		-2.44	24.0	0.387		0.829	0.655	0.972	0.778
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	50.1		-4.58	19.4	0.326		0.841	0.706	0.976	0.807
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	47.1		-7.53	19.9	0.326		0.813	0.708	0.976	0.801
NorESM2-LM	[-]	46.9		-7.80	21.1	0.285		0.832	0.692	0.979	0.799
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	49.1		-5.54	19.7	0.305		0.831	0.711	0.977	0.808

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	133.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	165.		31.7	39.7	3.72		0.209	0.355	0.356	0.319
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	169.		35.6	42.0	1.02		0.213	0.379	0.894	0.466
BGCLND	[-]	143.		9.38	16.5	0.339		0.629	0.490	0.978	0.646
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	141.		7.28	20.4	0.339		0.698	0.423	0.978	0.630
CanESM5	[-]	137.		4.09	26.6	3.40		0.841	0.302	0.413	0.464
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	136.		2.30	16.4	0.339		0.834	0.466	0.978	0.686
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	143.		9.77	24.9	3.72		0.629	0.347	0.356	0.420
MeanCMIP6	[-]	153.		19.7	25.8	0.339		0.382	0.459	0.978	0.569
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	151.		17.3	26.8	3.72		0.444	0.377	0.356	0.388
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	151.		17.4	30.1	3.72		0.423	0.289	0.354	0.339
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	165.		31.8	39.3	0.339		0.218	0.393	0.978	0.495
NorESM2-LM	[-]	154.		20.9	26.9	0.339		0.358	0.440	0.978	0.554
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	150.		16.6	27.8	3.72		0.447	0.347	0.354	0.374

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	81.8
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	82.8		0.980	23.9	0.494		0.804	0.688	0.963	0.786
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	70.2		-11.6	24.2	0.574		0.784	0.687	0.959	0.780
BGCLND	[-]	68.7		-13.6	22.8	0.450		0.765	0.736	0.966	0.801
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	73.0		-9.27	21.7	0.486		0.806	0.708	0.964	0.796
CanESM5	[-]	72.4		-9.39	23.6	0.443		0.795	0.698	0.967	0.789
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	76.5		-5.34	22.3	0.509		0.808	0.711	0.961	0.798
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	70.8		-11.0	23.6	0.509		0.781	0.705	0.962	0.788
MeanCMIP6	[-]	72.3		-9.57	20.3	0.465		0.802	0.732	0.966	0.808
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	78.4		-3.42	23.6	0.509		0.821	0.685	0.963	0.789
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	76.5		-5.29	22.6	0.443		0.808	0.711	0.967	0.799
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	66.1		-15.8	24.4	0.429		0.740	0.719	0.969	0.786
NorESM2-LM	[-]	72.7		-9.15	22.7	0.400		0.795	0.701	0.971	0.792
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	69.5		-12.3	22.7	0.472		0.779	0.718	0.964	0.795

Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: NETRAD