Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.4
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	20.7		3.37	4.83	6.05		0.379	0.362	7.41e-05	0.276
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	20.9		3.59	4.02	2.00		0.357	0.451	0.756	0.504
BGCLND	[-]	23.5		6.13	7.45	2.00		0.172	0.386	0.756	0.425
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	25.9		8.53	9.78	1.02		0.0862	0.387	0.933	0.448
CanESM5	[-]	15.6		-1.75	3.93	2.00		0.605	0.355	0.756	0.517
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	19.2		1.88	3.25	1.02		0.583	0.439	0.933	0.598
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	21.9		4.50	5.84	2.00		0.274	0.397	0.756	0.456
MeanCMIP6	[-]	25.4		8.06	8.79	2.00		0.0986	0.461	0.756	0.444
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	14.2		-3.19	3.97	2.98		0.400	0.458	0.515	0.458
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	11.8		-5.55	6.26	1.02		0.203	0.428	0.933	0.498
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	23.5		6.18	6.70	2.00		0.169	0.417	0.756	0.440
NorESM2-LM	[-]	17.3		-0.00976	2.70	2.00		0.997	0.461	0.756	0.669
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	39.0		21.6	21.6	0.00		0.00199	0.362	1.00	0.431

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.2
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	22.2		0.00573	3.08	0.983		0.997	0.250	0.937	0.608
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	30.2		7.93	9.81	0.00		0.0280	0.0700	1.00	0.292
BGCLND	[-]	26.1		3.81	4.27	0.00		0.180	0.410	1.00	0.500
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	27.2		4.91	6.69	0.983		0.109	0.169	0.937	0.346
CanESM5	[-]	20.9		-1.36	3.43	0.983		0.542	0.255	0.937	0.497
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	27.2		4.98	6.34	0.983		0.106	0.212	0.937	0.367
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	28.3		6.05	7.36	2.00		0.0654	0.255	0.756	0.333
MeanCMIP6	[-]	24.8		2.53	4.18	0.00		0.320	0.209	1.00	0.434
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	21.9		-0.306	4.72	0.983		0.871	0.119	0.937	0.511
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	36.3		14.1	14.9	2.00		0.00177	0.117	0.756	0.248
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	56.0		33.7	34.7	0.00		2.51e-07	0.0783	1.00	0.289
NorESM2-LM	[-]	22.8		0.598	2.68	0.983		0.764	0.304	0.937	0.577
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	36.1		13.9	14.9	0.983		0.00190	0.150	0.937	0.310

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	29.1
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	24.5		-4.63	14.4	1.26		0.518	0.471	0.834	0.573
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	26.4		-2.71	15.3	1.56		0.516	0.432	0.785	0.541
BGCLND	[-]	26.7		-2.49	13.4	1.36		0.544	0.479	0.798	0.575
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	28.0		-1.20	13.1	1.39		0.554	0.461	0.797	0.568
CanESM5	[-]	31.3		2.17	14.7	1.37		0.539	0.424	0.813	0.550
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	30.1		0.984	14.7	1.31		0.558	0.438	0.809	0.560
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	33.1		3.94	17.0	1.48		0.500	0.385	0.783	0.513
MeanCMIP6	[-]	30.7		1.57	12.8	1.27		0.570	0.479	0.824	0.588
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	25.2		-3.97	13.5	1.36		0.532	0.464	0.814	0.568
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	27.5		-1.68	15.6	1.13		0.492	0.406	0.852	0.539
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	46.1		17.0	24.9	1.49		0.346	0.358	0.803	0.466
NorESM2-LM	[-]	26.8		-2.33	14.1	1.34		0.557	0.440	0.806	0.561
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	37.0		7.87	17.4	1.17		0.435	0.391	0.848	0.516

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	23.4
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	20.3		-3.12	16.5	0.686		0.593	0.501	0.924	0.630
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	24.6		1.21	19.2	1.04		0.531	0.442	0.891	0.576
BGCLND	[-]	21.5		-2.03	15.3	1.50		0.621	0.489	0.779	0.594
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	20.7		-2.83	14.6	0.969		0.612	0.511	0.857	0.623
CanESM5	[-]	27.6		4.17	16.5	1.06		0.570	0.436	0.878	0.580
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	27.1		3.67	15.6	0.710		0.607	0.481	0.908	0.619
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	29.1		5.68	18.5	0.804		0.512	0.397	0.894	0.550
MeanCMIP6	[-]	26.3		2.88	15.2	0.804		0.562	0.484	0.898	0.607
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	21.5		-1.92	14.3	0.946		0.592	0.483	0.888	0.612
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	23.7		0.323	16.9	0.662		0.543	0.435	0.923	0.584
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	37.5		14.1	23.8	0.757		0.384	0.349	0.922	0.501
NorESM2-LM	[-]	21.2		-2.19	16.4	0.781		0.611	0.475	0.894	0.614
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	30.7		7.29	17.8	0.922		0.490	0.396	0.892	0.543

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	29.7		7.47	9.38	0.508		0.442	0.407	0.966	0.555
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	29.1		6.84	8.46	0.508		0.240	0.398	0.966	0.501
BGCLND	[-]	28.2		5.93	6.49	0.00		0.231	0.516	1.00	0.566
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	28.9		6.65	8.53	3.02		0.187	0.321	0.500	0.332
CanESM5	[-]	30.7		8.40	9.96	1.02		0.115	0.354	0.933	0.439
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	28.6		6.30	8.13	0.00		0.200	0.272	1.00	0.436
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	32.6		10.3	11.7	0.508		0.127	0.274	0.966	0.410
MeanCMIP6	[-]	30.4		8.15	9.39	1.02		0.141	0.396	0.933	0.467
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	19.6		-2.63	4.06	1.02		0.488	0.415	0.933	0.563
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	36.4		14.1	15.6	0.00		0.0254	0.246	1.00	0.379
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	26.9		4.59	6.01	1.02		0.293	0.445	0.933	0.529
NorESM2-LM	[-]	26.0		3.69	5.03	0.508		0.388	0.457	0.966	0.567
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	36.1		13.8	15.1	0.508		0.110	0.307	0.966	0.423

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.0
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	18.7		-7.32	13.9	1.24		0.511	0.483	0.829	0.576
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	21.7		-4.32	14.5	1.71		0.510	0.434	0.752	0.532
BGCLND	[-]	23.8		-2.35	13.5	1.58		0.553	0.467	0.756	0.561
BGCLNDATM_progCO2	[-]	24.8		-1.28	13.0	1.51		0.565	0.455	0.767	0.561
CanESM5	[-]	28.3		2.31	15.0	1.47		0.530	0.421	0.785	0.539
CNRM-ESM2-1	[-]	27.5		1.44	14.9	1.49		0.571	0.422	0.769	0.546
EC-Earth3-CC	[-]	29.7		3.68	18.3	1.68		0.493	0.356	0.738	0.486
MeanCMIP6	[-]	27.8		1.79	12.8	1.38		0.560	0.474	0.798	0.576
MIROC-ES2L	[-]	22.3		-3.69	13.9	1.45		0.536	0.455	0.793	0.560
MPI-ESM1-2-LR	[-]	23.4		-2.57	15.4	1.19		0.504	0.404	0.835	0.537
MRI-ESM2-0	[-]	43.8		17.7	25.1	1.36		0.335	0.351	0.823	0.465
NorESM2-LM	[-]	24.0		-1.99	13.7	1.50		0.571	0.436	0.773	0.554
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	34.0		8.02	18.0	1.24		0.443	0.368	0.833	0.503

Equatorial Africa Equatorial Asia Global - Land High Latitude South America - Amazon Temperate Latitudes Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_OUT